Millions of J&J Covid-19 Vaccines Are at Risk of Expiring in June

The stockpile is, in part, an unintended consequence of the U.S.’s decision in April to temporarily suspend administration of J&J doses to assess a rare blood-clot risk. The pause forced states and providers to cancel large blocks of appointments that were never rescheduled, leaving a surplus of supply, and in some areas increasing hesitancy over the J&J vaccine’s safety, according to industry officials.

Some hospitals and states say that vaccines from Pfizer Inc. and partner BioNTech SE, as well as Moderna Inc., are due to expire later this summer, but the stockpiles so far are largely of J&J doses. Pfizer’s vaccine expires six months after manufacture. Moderna’s vaccine can remain frozen for up to six months, during which it can be refrigerated for one month.

Philadelphia has 42,000 J&J doses set to expire, most of which came from a Federal Emergency Management Agency clinic at the city’s convention center a few days before the pause, a city spokesman said. Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Oklahoma and Arkansas are among states that report having thousands of J&J doses set to expire this month and have been unable to redistribute them.

“There’s no way at the end of June that we’re not going to have a couple thousand expiring,” said Danielle Hilborn, who helps oversee Covid-19 vaccines for McLaren Health Care Corp. The hospital system based outside Flint, Mich., has more than 3,500 J&J doses set to expire this month, despite having moved doses among its hospitals and shipped 1,100 to a county health department.

Hospitals and public-health departments offering the shots have begun special promotions to use J&J’s shots before they go bad. Some health systems have redistributed them inside and outside their networks, and some states have rerouted them to physician offices, pharmacies or other states.

The efforts have had limited success because of the nation’s slowdown in overall vaccinations and because many states and vaccination sites also have expiring J&J supply and don’t see demand for more doses. Just over half of the 21.4 million J&J shots distributed to providers have been administered, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, versus 83% for shots from Moderna Inc. as well as Pfizer Inc. and its partner, BioNTech.

J&J stores doses frozen until shipment by the government, at which point they are refrigerated. Doses can be refrigerated for three months, and the drugmaker is studying whether the shelf life can be extended, a company spokesman said.

Many drugs and vaccines can remain effective for years, but all eventually start to lose potency. Typically, expiring prescription drugs and vaccines for other diseases are sent to other healthcare facilities, overseas or back to manufacturers, hospital officials said.

Covid-19 vaccines come with expiration information, which is determined by manufacturers based on testing data that is later cleared by regulators. Vaccines may still work after the expiration dates, according to manufacturing experts, but data was limited when the vaccines were authorized.

The issue of expiring doses is the latest setback for J&J’s Covid-19 vaccine effort. An accident at a contract manufacturer’s plant led to the contamination of material that could have yielded up to 15 million doses and led to a halt in production of the J&J vaccine there.

Dr. Bechara Choucair, the White House vaccine coordinator, has briefed governors and local health officials on best practices to maximize supply, according to a White House official, who also cited ongoing U.S. Food and Drug Administration reviews of whether J&J doses may have longer shelf lives. A second administration official said recalling doses that have already been shipped out to vaccination sites to potentially redistribute them would be logistically and legally challenging.

One of the administration officials said most Covid-19 vaccines in the U.S. aren’t close to expiring.

State health departments and hospital officials say the guidance from states and the CDC is to destroy or discard expired doses. The CDC didn’t respond to requests for comment.

In early April, U.S. regulators paused the use of J&J’s vaccine after reports of rare but severe blood clots. In response, vaccination sites across the country canceled thousands of appointments and instead offered people Pfizer or Moderna doses. Regulators lifted the pause 10 days later, with J&J and regulators adding language to the vaccine’s label warning of a risk of blood clots.

By then, patient demand for Covid-19 vaccines shifted from mass-vaccination to smaller community settings amid lingering concerns about the rare clots, according to industry and state officials.

The regulatory pause and overall slowdown in vaccinations has left UofL Health in Louisville, Ky., with more than 6,000 J&J doses that expire this month, after having administered about 2,600 since early April, said Dr. Jason Smith, chief medical officer. “My bet is that we will wind up wasting some of that, unfortunately,” he said.

To use them, the health system is trying to reach physician offices outside its network, Dr. Smith said.

Pennsylvania’s Department of Health said it worked with the CDC and Chester County to try to transfer the county’s 50,000 expiring J&J doses to Oregon. The deal fell through when Oregon experienced a decline in demand and no longer wanted them, a Pennsylvania health department spokesman said.

The full extent of expiring Covid-19 vaccines is unknown because providers aren’t required to report it to the federal government, said Jessica Daley, a pharmacist and executive at Premier Inc., a large group-purchasing organization for hospitals.

Premier is asking members whether they have expiring vaccines, and at least a dozen have said they have expiring J&J doses, Ms. Daley said. “It’s not as simple as just moving the vaccine somewhere else,” she said.

Some states say they have asked the U.S. government whether doses can be shipped to developing nations. Doing so faces significant logistical and legal hurdles, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund, because those countries are wary of using vaccines after expiration dates and may not be able to administer them quickly.

—Sabrina Siddiqui contributed to this article.

Write to Jared S. Hopkins at [email protected] and Julie Wernau at [email protected]