Microsoft’s Activision Deal to Power Its Netflix-of-Gaming Aspirations

Around a decade ago, Microsoft pivoted to bring its corporate clients to subscription-based cloud services, which has helped lift its market value to $2 trillion and maintain its status as one of the world’s top tech companies. The Activision acquisition sets it up to ultimately use the same tactic on consumers by persuading gamers to abandon their expensive hardware and play on the cloud.

“Together with Activision Blizzard, we have an incredible opportunity to invest and innovate, to create the best content, community and cloud for gamers to build substantial new value for our shareholders,” said Microsoft Chief Executive Satya Nadella on an investor and media call Tuesday.

With an increasing number of gamers playing on smartphones rather than pricey game consoles and computers, companies around the world are in a race to build out services that will stream high-end games to all kinds of devices the same way movies and TV shows are streamed. Amazon.com Inc., Alphabet Inc.’s Google, Sony Group Corp. and a host of smaller players are trying, but Microsoft has taken a large early lead in the emerging cloud-game space by spending billions on acquisitions and infrastructure, analysts said.

“Microsoft has big aspirations in gaming,” said Mark Moerdler, an analyst at Bernstein Research. “Microsoft has been buying a number of studios because of what they’re trying to build with Game Pass and subscription gaming.”

If Microsoft could convert some of Activision’s close to 400 million monthly active users into subscribers, it could significantly bolster its cloud-game business, Mr. Moerdler said.

Cloud gaming is an emerging technology that allows people to stream games via nearly any internet-connected device with a screen, much as they stream videos using Netflix, Hulu and others. Streaming games is more challenging, though, because games are interactive and require a lot more data to run smoothly.

Consumer spending on cloud-game services reached $3.7 billion last year, with Microsoft’s Game Pass accounting for 60%, according to research firm Omdia, which forecasts total cloud-game revenue will hit $12 billion by 2026.

Along with announcing its planned acquisition, Microsoft said Tuesday that subscribers to Game Pass, which includes cloud gaming, online multiplayer support and access to a large rotating library of games, have increased 39% in the past year to 25 million.

Mr. Nadella said Microsoft plans to bring as many Activision games as it can to Game Pass. As it has done with games from developers it has acquired in the past, Microsoft could make future games from Activision exclusive on Game Pass and Xbox consoles, said analysts.

“We do think our investment in cloud creates a unique capability for triple-A content to reach any screen on any device,” said Microsoft game chief Phil Spencer in an interview following the announcement of the Activision deal.

Growing its cloud-game business will help Microsoft diversify further into consumer-facing businesses. That could narrow the leads Sony’s PlayStation has on it in game hardware and Amazon has on it in cloud services. Mr. Nadella’s broader strategy for Microsoft puts cloud computing at the center of a sprawling collection of disparate businesses, from corporate software and enterprise data storage to social media and digital advertising.

Microsoft’s commitments to gaming and the cloud have been years in the making. Since taking over in 2014, Mr. Nadella has leaned heavily on offering the company’s enterprise customers cloud-computing services to power their businesses. This strategy has been the primary driver behind Microsoft’s ascent to become the world’s second-most-valuable company behind Apple Inc., with a market valuation of nearly $2.3 trillion.

For years, gaming took a back seat at Microsoft, where consumer-facing businesses got less attention, former and current employees said. The Xbox team was slotted under the Windows operating system and didn’t directly report to the CEO, as Mr. Nadella focused on selling the Office 365 business-software suite and developing the cloud-computing business. The Xbox group struggled to find its place in this structure, said the employees. The game unit was always competing with Windows priorities for investments, and Windows typically won out, they said.

“Under Windows, we had to make trade-offs between investing in big gaming initiatives and features for Windows enterprise customers,” said Richard Irving, who spent 12 years working on Xbox before leaving Microsoft in 2016. “That was the challenge of being in the Windows division.”

A Microsoft spokesman declined to comment on how the company managed its game business in the past.

A few years ago, Microsoft decided to become more aggressive about expanding its cloud usage to gaming, its main touch point with consumers. Internally, there has been concern Microsoft is too dependent on enterprise for growth, said people familiar with company strategy. The decision to do more in gaming came after failed attempts to buy into other consumer-facing businesses, such as TikTok, Pinterest and Discord, the people said.

It started snapping up game makers, spending more than $10 billion to buy game studios and build a massive library. The company has added popular titles such as the Doom franchise, acquired last year.

Microsoft isn’t alone. The global videogame industry has been riding a wave of consolidation and investing in recent years. Spending on mergers and acquisitions nearly tripled to $26.2 billion in 2021 from $8.9 billion in 2020, data from PitchBook show. And venture-capital deals nearly doubled to a record $11.2 billion from $6.4 billion, according to the private-market-data firm.

Write to Aaron Tilley at [email protected] and Sarah E. Needleman at [email protected]