Bank of England: the economy’s power house.
On this page you will find key data from the UK and global economies.
We’ve included a history of interest rates and inflation figures and links to other areas of This is Money and the internet, such as data from the Office of National Statistics, that you may find useful.
Scroll down for changes to the Bank Rate (formerly base rate) since 2006, RPI inflation and other key rates that may affect your spending power.
The latest GDP data can be found on the ONS website here.
People out of work in three months to Jul 2022 | Unemployment rate | Claimant count (Aug) |
---|---|---|
1.22m | 3.6% | 1,534,200 |
Source: Office for National Statistics |
UK (Bank of England) Bank Rate* | 1.75% |
Eurozone refinancing rate | 1.25% |
US Federal Funds Rate | 2.25-2.50% |
Japan Discount rate | 0.30% |
Record UK bank rate high (1) | 17% |
Record UK bank rate low (2) | 0.10% |
* Formerly Bank of England Base Rate | |
(1) In Nov 1979. More recently rate reached 14.875% in Oct 1989. Lowest rate throughout the 1980s was 7.735% | |
(2) The rate was frozen at 0.5% between March 2009 and August 2016. Before the 2008/9 cuts it reached 2.00% 16 times in 19th Century, and twice in the 1930s. | |
Learn more: What next for interest rates |
Consumer prices index (CPI) inflation August 2022 (1) | 9.9% (10.1%) |
Government inflation (CPI) target | 2% |
Inflation: Retail prices index (RPI) August 2022 (2) | 12.3% (12.3%) |
Inflation: Retail prices index excl. mortgage payments (RPIX) August 2022 (3) | 12.2% (12.3%) |
Record high inflation since 1948 (4) | 24.20% |
Record low inflation since 1948 (5) | -1.60% |
(1) CPI replaced RPI as official inflation figure in 2003 and has been used to calculate state pensions since 2011. | |
(2) RPI includes mortgage interest payments. | |
(3) RPIX excludes mortgage interest payments and is used to calculate income-related benefits. Also known as underlying rate. | |
(4) Average 1975 RPI, peaking at 26.9% in August. | |
(5) 12 month RPI June 2009. | |
Note: Figures refer to annual inflation to the month shown with the previous month’s figures in brackets |
Aug-22 | 9.90% |
Jul-22 | 10.10% |
Jun-22 | 9.40% |
May-22 | 9.10% |
Apr-22 | 9.00% |
Mar-22 | 7.00% |
Feb-22 | 6.20% |
Jan-22 | 5.50% |
Dec-21 | 5.40% |
Nov-21 | 5.10% |
Oct-21 | 4.20% |
Sep-21 | 3.10% |
Aug-21 | 3.20% |
Jul-21 | 2.00% |
Jun-21 | 2.50% |
May-21 | 2.10% |
Apr-21 | 1.50% |
Mar-21 | 0.70% |
Feb-21 | 0.40% |
Jan-21 | 0.70% |
Dec-20 | 0.60% |
Nov-20 | 0.30% |
Oct-20 | 0.70% |
Sep-20 | 0.50% |
Aug-20 | 0.20% |
Jul-20 | 1.00% |
Jun-20 | 0.60% |
May-20 | 0.50% |
Apr-20 | 0.80% |
Mar-20 | 1.50% |
Feb-20 | 1.70% |
Jan-20 | 1.80% |
Dec-19 | 1.30% |
Nov-19 | 1.50% |
Oct-19 | 1.50% |
Sep-19 | 1.70% |
Aug-19 | 1.70% |
Jul-19 | 2.10% |
Jun-19 | 2.00% |
May-19 | 2.00% |
Apr-19 | 2.10% |
Mar-19 | 1.90% |
Feb-19 | 1.90% |
Jan-19 | 1.80% |
Dec-18 | 2.10% |
Nov-18 | 2.30% |
Oct-18 | 2.40% |
Sep-18 | 2.40% |
Aug-18 | 2.70% |
Jul-18 | 2.50% |
Jun-18 | 2.40% |
May-18 | 2.40% |
Apr-18 | 2.40% |
Mar-18 | 2.50% |
Feb-18 | 2.70% |
Jan-18 | 3.00% |
Dec-17 | 3.00% |
Nov-17 | 3.10% |
Oct-17 | 3.00% |
Sep-17 | 3.00% |
Aug-17 | 2.90% |
Jul-17 | 2.60% |
Jun-17 | 2.60% |
May-17 | 2.90% |
Apr-17 | 2.70% |
Mar-17 | 2.30% |
Feb-17 | 2.30% |
Jan-17 | 1.80% |
Dec-16 | 1.60% |
Nov-16 | 1.20% |
Oct-16 | 0.90% |
Sep-16 | 1.00% |
Aug-16 | 0.60% |
Jul-16 | 0.60% |
Jun-16 | 0.50% |
May-16 | 0.30% |
Apr-16 | 0.30% |
Mar-16 | 0.50% |
Feb-16 | 0.30% |
Jan-16 | 0.30% |
Dec-15 | 0.20% |
Nov-15 | 0.10% |
Oct-15 | -0.1% |
Sep-15 | -0.10% |
Aug-15 | 0.00% |
July-15 | 0.10% |
June-15 | 0.00% |
May-15 | 0.10% |
Apr-15 | -0.10% |
Mar-15 | 0.00% |
Feb-15 | 0.00% |
Jan-15 | 0.30% |
Dec-14 | 0.50% |
Nov-14 | 1.00% |
Oct-14 | 1.30% |
Sep-14 | 1.20% |
Aug-14 | 1.50% |
Jul-14 | 1.60% |
Jun-14 | 1.90% |
May-14 | 1.50% |
Apr-14 | 1.80% |
Mar-14 | 1.60% |
Feb-14 | 1.70% |
Jan-14 | 1.90% |
Dec-13 | 2.00% |
Nov-13 | 2.10% |
Oct-13 | 2.20% |
Sep-13 | 2.70% |
Aug-13 | 2.70% |
Jul-13 | 2.80% |
Jun-13 | 2.90% |
May-13 | 2.70% |
Apr-13 | 2.40% |
Mar-13 | 2.80% |
Feb-13 | 2.80% |
Jan-13 | 2.70% |
Dec-12 | 2.70% |
Nov-12 | 2.70% |
Oct-12 | 2.70% |
Sep-12 | 2.20% |
Aug-12 | 2.50% |
Jul-12 | 2.60% |
Jun-12 | 2.40% |
May-12 | 2.80% |
Apr-12 | 3.00% |
Mar-12 | 3.50% |
Feb-12 | 3.40% |
Jan-12 | 3.60% |
Dec-11 | 4.20% |
Nov-11 | 4.80% |
Oct-11 | 5.00% |
Sep-11 | 5.20% |
Aug-11 | 4.50% |
Jul-11 | 4.40% |
Jun-11 | 4.20% |
May-11 | 4.50% |
Apr-11 | 4.50% |
Mar-11 | 4.00% |
Feb-11 | 4.40% |
Jan-11 | 4.00% |
Dec-10 | 3.70% |
Nov-10 | 3.30% |
Oct-10 | 3.20% |
Sep-10 | 3.10% |
Aug-10 | 3.10% |
Jul-10 | 3.10% |
Jun-10 | 3.20% |
May-10 | 3.40% |
Apr-10 | 3.70% |
Mar-10 | 3.40% |
Feb-10 | 3.00% |
Jan-10 | 3.50% |
Dec-09 | 2.90% |
Nov-09 | 1.90% |
Oct-09 | 1.50% |
Sep-09 | 1.10% |
Aug-09 | 1.60% |
Jul-09 | 1.80% |
Jun-09 | 1.80% |
May-09 | 2.20% |
Apr-09 | 2.30% |
Mar-09 | 2.90% |
Feb-09 | 3.20% |
Jan-09 | 3.00% |
Dec-08 | 3.10% |
Nov-08 | 4.10% |
Oct-08 | 4.50% |
Sep-08 | 5.20% |
Aug-08 | 4.70% |
Jul-08 | 4.40% |
Jun-08 | 3.80% |
May-08 | 3.30% |
Apr-08 | 3.00% |
Mar-08 | 2.50% |
Feb-08 | 2.50% |
Jan-08 | 2.20% |
Dec-07 | 2.10% |
Nov-07 | 2.10% |
Oct-07 | 2.10% |
Sep-07 | 1.80% |
Aug-07 | 1.80% |
Jul-07 | 1.90% |
Jun-07 | 2.40% |
May-07 | 2.50% |
Apr-07 | 2.80% |
Mar-07 | 3.10% |
Feb-07 | 2.80% |
Jan-07 | 2.70% |
Dec-06 | 3.00% |
Nov-06 | 2.70% |
Oct-06 | 2.40% |
Sep-06 | 2.40% |
Aug-06 | 2.50% |
Jul-06 | 2.40% |
Jun-06 | 2.50% |
May-06 | 2.20% |
Apr-06 | 2.00% |
Mar-06 | 1.80% |
Feb-06 | 2.00% |
Jan-06 | 1.90% |
(1) CPI replaced RPI as official inflation figure in Dec 2003. | |
Note: Figures refer to annual inflation to the month shown. | |
Government inflation target: 2%. |
Annual change |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1948 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9.7 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
1949 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
1950 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
1951 | 9.1 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 5 | 6.3 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12 |
1952 | 9.2 | 13 | 12 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 9.1 | 10.6 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.4 |
1953 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.1 |
1954 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3 | 4 |
1955 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 5.8 |
1956 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 5 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 3 |
1957 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 2 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 4 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
1958 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
1959 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.8 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.8 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 0.2 | – |
1960 | 1 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -0.5 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1 | 1.7 | 2 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
1961 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
1962 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.6 |
1963 | 2 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.9 |
1964 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2 | 3 | 3.4 | 4 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.8 |
1965 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 5 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
1966 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4 | 3.7 |
1967 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.9 | 2.5 |
1968 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 3 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.9 |
1969 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 4.7 |
1970 | 6.4 | 5 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 7 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
1971 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9 |
1972 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 7 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.7 |
1973 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.6 |
1974 | 16 | 12 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 15.2 | 16 | 16.5 | 17.1 | 16.9 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 18.3 | 19.1 |
1975 | 24.2 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 21.2 | 21.7 | 25 | 26.1 | 26.3 | 26.9 | 26.6 | 25.9 | 25.2 | 24.9 |
1976 | 16.5 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 21.2 | 18.9 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 14.7 | 15 | 15.1 |
1977 | 15.8 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 16.7 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 17.7 | 17.6 | 16.5 | 15.6 | 14.1 | 13 | 12.1 |
1978 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 8.4 |
1979 | 13.4 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 16.5 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 17.2 |
1980 | 18 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 19.8 | 21.8 | 21.9 | 21 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 15.9 | 15.4 | 15.3 | 15.1 |
1981 | 11.9 | 13 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 12 | 12 |
1982 | 8.6 | 12 | 11 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 8.7 | 8 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.4 |
1983 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5 | 4.8 | 5.3 |
1984 | 5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.7 | 5 | 4.9 | 4.6 |
1985 | 6.1 | 5 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 7 | 7 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
1986 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 3 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.7 |
1987 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.7 |
1988 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.8 |
1989 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
1990 | 9.5 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 9.7 | 9.3 |
1991 | 5.9 | 9 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
1992 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3 | 2.6 |
1993 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.9 |
1994 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
1995 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
1996 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
1997 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
1998 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3 | 2.8 |
1999 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
2000 | 3 | 2 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.9 |
2001 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 |
2002 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
2003 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
2004 | 3 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3 | 3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
2005 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
2006 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
2007 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4 |
2008 | 4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 5 | 4.8 | 5 | 4.2 | 3 | 0.9 |
2009 | -0.5 | 0.1 | – | -0.4 | -1.2 | -1.1 | -1.6 | -1.4 | -1.3 | -1.4 | -0.8 | 0.3 | 2.4 |
2010 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 |
2011 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5 | 5 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.8 |
2012 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3 | 3.1 |
2013 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
2014 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2 | 1.6 |
2015 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
2016 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
2017 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 3,2 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
2018 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3,2 | 2.7 |
2019 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
2020 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
2021 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 7.5 |
2022 | – | 7.8 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 11.1 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 12.3 |
Bank Rate was held at 0.5% from March 2009 to August 2016 | |
Aug-22 | 1.75% |
Jun-22 | 1.25% |
May-22 | 1.00% |
Mar-22 | 0.75% |
Feb-22 | 0.50% |
Dec-21 | 0.25% |
Mar-20 | 0.10% |
Mar-20 | 0.25% |
Aug-18 | 0.75% |
Nov-17 | 0.50% |
Aug-16 | 0.25% |
Mar-09 | 0.50% |
Feb-09 | 1.00% |
Jan-09 | 1.50% |
Dec-08 | 2.00% |
Nov-08 | 3.00% |
Oct-08 | 4.50% |
Apr-08 | 5.00% |
Feb-08 | 5.25% |
Dec-07 | 5.50% |
Jul-07 | 5.75% |
May-07 | 5.50% |
Jan-07 | 5.25% |
Nov-06 | 5.00% |
Aug-06 | 4.75% |
Halifax standard variable mortgage rate | 4.74% |
Premium Bonds average rate of return | 1.4% |
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